Medicinal Value of Neglected and Underutilized Food Crops in Sierra Leone

Background and Objective: Neglected and underutilized food crops (NUFCs) could play a significant role in food security and nutrition in rural communities. Despite their potential, NUFCs remain largely undervalued due to shifting dietary preferences, limited research, and inadequate policy support. This paper assesses the uses, knowledge, and perceptions of NUFCs in the Bo and Kenema Districts, highlighting their role in healthcare. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bo and Kenema Districts using mixed methods. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and guided field walks. A total of 492 respondents were selected using stratified random sampling, ensuring representation across age, gender. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. A significance level of 0.05 was used for all statistical tests. Results: Ethnobotanical findings revealed that 48 NUFCs are regularly used to treat 25 ailments, with Moringa oleifera, Nauclea latifolia, and Manihot esculenta exhibiting high use value and frequency of citation. Commonly mentioned diseases are malaria, typhoid, and anemia. Leaves were the most frequently utilized plant part, reflecting both the bioactive compound concentration and ease of harvest. Demographic factors like age and gender did not significantly influence NUFC use, whereas educational attainment and marital status did. While modern healthcare facilities were preferred for their dosage accuracy and efficacy, traditional herbal remedies remained crucial due to affordability and availability, especially in rural areas. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of preserving ethnobotanical knowledge and integrating validated traditional practices into healthcare systems.